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CIVIC-EDUCATION-ANSWERS!-By-ExamKey.Net
INSTRUCTION: ANSWER FOUR QUESTIONS ONLY, AT LEAST ONE QUESTION FROM EACH PART
PART I
(1a)
Contentment can be defined as a state of satisfaction, fulfillment, and peace of mind. It is the feeling of being happy and at ease with what one has or where one is in life, without longing for more or feeling a sense of lack.
(1b)
(i) Gratitude: Contentment often stems from having a sense of gratitude for the things one has in life. It involves appreciating and valuing the present moment, acknowledging the blessings and joys that exist.
(ii) Acceptance: Contentment involves accepting oneself and one’s circumstances as they are, without constantly striving for more or comparing oneself to others. It is about finding peace and fulfillment in the present rather than constantly seeking external validation or material possessions.
(iii) Inner peace: Contentment is closely tied to a sense of inner peace. It is a state of mind characterized by tranquility, where one feels calm and at ease despite the challenges or difficulties that may arise. It involves cultivating a positive outlook and finding joy in simple pleasures.
(1c)
(PICK 3 ONLY)
(i) It breeds corrupt practice/ fraudulent activities such as cyber crime, advance free fraud/419.
(ii) It leads to greed and avarice.
(iii) It results in jealousy/dishonesty/wickedness
(iv) It promotes crimes such as robbery/piracy/kidnappings, hostage taking.
(v) It leads to disunity/conflicts
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(2a)
The rule of law is a fundamental principle that refers to the idea that all individuals and institutions within a society are subject to and accountable to the law. It establishes a system where laws are enacted, applied, and enforced consistently, impartially, and transparently. The rule of law ensures that everyone, regardless of their position or status, is treated fairly and equally under the law.
(2b)
(i) Equality and Non-Discrimination: The rule of law requires that all individuals be treated equally before the law, without any discrimination based on factors such as race, religion, gender, or socioeconomic status. The legal system should provide equal protection and opportunities for all.
(ii) Transparency and Accountability: It is crucial for the rule of law that laws and legal processes are transparent and accessible to the public. The laws should be clear, well-defined, and not arbitrary. Additionally, those who enforce and administer the law should be accountable for their actions, ensuring that they act within the boundaries set by the law.
(iii) Independence and Impartiality of the Judiciary: An independent and impartial judiciary is a vital component of the rule of law. The judiciary should be free from undue influence, interference, or corruption. Judges should be impartial and make decisions based on the merits of the case and the applicable laws, ensuring fairness and justice.
(iv) Access to Justice and Effective Remedies: The rule of law requires that individuals have access to a fair and effective justice system. This includes the right to legal representation, a fair trial, and the ability to seek remedies for legal violations. A functioning and accessible legal system ensure that people can enforce their rights, resolve disputes, and seek redress when their rights have been violated.
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PART II
(3a)
National integration refers to the process of bringing together diverse groups within a country and fostering a sense of unity, harmony, and shared identity among its citizens. It involves the creation of a common national identity that transcends regional, ethnic, religious, and cultural differences, thereby promoting social cohesion and stability.
(3b)
(i) Promoting Equal Rights and Opportunities: Ensuring equal rights, opportunities, and treatment for all citizens, regardless of their ethnic, religious, or cultural backgrounds, helps to create a sense of fairness and inclusivity.
(ii) Encouraging Cultural Exchange and Understanding: Facilitating cultural exchange programs, festivals, and events that celebrate the diverse cultures and traditions of Nigeria can help foster mutual respect, understanding, and appreciation among different ethnic groups.
(iii) Enhancing Education and Awareness: Incorporating multicultural and inclusive content in the educational curriculum is crucial for promoting national integration.
(iv) Strengthening Interethnic and Interreligious Dialogue: Encouraging open and respectful dialogue among different ethnic and religious groups is essential for fostering understanding, addressing grievances, and finding common ground.
(v) Promoting Economic Integration: Promoting economic development and reducing regional disparities can contribute to national integration.
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(4a)
(i) Increased crime rates: Drug abuse often leads to criminal activities as individuals resort to illegal means to support their addiction. This can include theft, drug trafficking, and violence, which can disrupt communities and contribute to overall crime rates.
(ii) Family and relationship problems: Drug abuse can strain relationships with family members, friends, and romantic partners. It often leads to conflicts, breakdowns in communication, and loss of trust. Families may experience financial difficulties, neglect, and emotional trauma due to the actions of the drug-abusing individual.
(iii) Health and economic burden: Drug abuse places a significant burden on healthcare systems and the economy. It leads to increased healthcare costs due to medical complications and treatments associated with drug abuse. Additionally, individuals who abuse drugs may struggle with employment, leading to lost productivity and economic strain.
(iv) Social stigma and discrimination: People who abuse drugs often face social stigma and discrimination, which can further isolate them and hinder their chances of rehabilitation. Society’s negative perception of drug addiction can create barriers to seeking help and reintegration into the community.
(v) Disruption of community stability: Drug abuse can disrupt the stability and cohesion of communities. It can lead to the deterioration of neighborhoods, increased homelessness, and decreased community engagement. The presence of drug-related activities can instill fear and impact the overall well-being and safety of the community.
(4b)
(PICK 5 ONLY)
(i) Through skill acquisition for youths empowerment
(ii) Awareness creation about the danger of drug addition
(iii) Encouraging youths to be good citizens
(iv) By encouraging youths to appreciate the essence of good health and healthy living
(v) By discouraging youths necessary skill for self-control and discipline in society
(vi) Through knowledge acquisition on safe use of drugs
(vii) Through the inculcation and cultivation of right attitudes and values
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PART III
(5a)
National development refers to the sustained progress and improvement of a country in various aspects, including social, economic, political, and cultural dimensions. It involves the advancement of the nation as a whole, aiming to enhance the well-being and quality of life for its citizens.
(5b)
(i) Economic Impact: Corruption in Nigeria has severely affected the country’s economic growth. It diverts resources intended for public projects and services into the pockets of corrupt individuals. This misallocation of funds results in inadequate infrastructure, limited access to quality healthcare and education, and limited job opportunities. Corruption also discourages foreign investments and undermines investor confidence, leading to slower economic growth and development.
(ii) Poverty and Inequality: Corruption exacerbates poverty and perpetuates income inequality. When public funds meant for poverty alleviation programs or social welfare initiatives are embezzled or misused, the intended beneficiaries suffer. Corrupt practices such as bribery and favoritism in public service delivery further marginalize the poor and vulnerable populations who lack the means to participate in such corrupt practices.
(iii) Weak Institutions and Governance: Corruption erodes the effectiveness of institutions and weakens governance systems. It undermines the rule of law, fosters a culture of impunity, and erodes public trust in institutions. When public officials engage in corrupt practices without facing consequences, it creates a vicious cycle that perpetuates corruption and inhibits the functioning of democratic processes and accountability mechanisms.
(iv) Stifled Development Projects: Corruption hinders the successful implementation of development projects in Nigeria. Bribes, kickbacks, and embezzlement of funds often result in inflated project costs, poor quality construction, and incomplete infrastructure projects. These factors impede the delivery of essential services, such as road networks, power supply, water and sanitation facilities, and healthcare centers. As a result, the lack of functional infrastructure hampers economic productivity, impedes social development, and restricts the overall progress of the nation.
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(6a)
The full meaning of NAPTIP is the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons.
(6b)
(i) People who are being trafficked are subjected to all form of physical/psychological abuse
(ii) Victims of human trafficking are often subjected to various forms of exploitation, including forced labor, sexual exploitation, forced begging, and organ trafficking.
(iii) Trafficked individuals often live in deplorable conditions and are exposed to health risks.
(iv) Human trafficking also puts a burden on public resources, as governments need to allocate funds for victim support, law enforcement, and prevention efforts.
(6c)
(i) NAPTIP is responsible for conducting investigations into cases of human trafficking and coordinating efforts with law enforcement agencies to ensure perpetrators are apprehended and brought to justice.
(ii) NAPTIP provides support and rehabilitation services to victims of human trafficking.
(iii) NAPTIP plays a crucial role in raising public awareness about human trafficking.
(iv) NAPTIP actively participates in policy development and advocacy efforts related to human trafficking.
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